Tendenzen, Probleme und Chancen des Anbaus von Arznei- und Gewürzpflanzen in Deutschland
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Philipps-Universität Marburg
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The domestic cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants at present covers only about 10 % of domestic demand. As a result of globalization, the improvement of quality combined with a reduction of production costs at present is the only possibility to compete effectively with imports. For maintenance and improvement of current cultivation a focus on market segments with high-quality herbal material from medicinal and aromatic plants is necessary. An equivalent progress can only take place through innovations characterized by unique selling propositions (content and composition of secondary plant metabolites, yield, quality, etc.)
Within the scope of this dissertation for the first time 202 species of medicinal and aromatic plants cultivated in Germany are documented. Due to a large variety of species and small cultivation areas, for the maintenance and improvement of the current cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants in Germany it will be decisive to establish precompetitive and cultivation-accompanying scientific achievements. Necessary and of existential significance is preliminary scientific work including extension of breeding, of analytics, of phytopathology, and optimization of cultivation techniques. Of major importance in this context especially is pre-competitive breeding performance. The development of special analytical methods for medicinal and aromatic plants for the research on specific effects of secondary plant substances is also necessary in order to confirm the extensive analyses in breeding. As farm cultivation increasingly is at risk due to diseases, knowledge with regard to epidemiology and diagnostics of pathogens and diseases of medicinal and aromatic plants is of importance for the development of strategies for plant protection and as an activity in breeding. Moreover, necessary is the optimization of various cultivation practices, which are of existential significance. Examples include the up to 600 working hours per hectare for mechanical weed control thus endangering the profitability of cultivation as well as technically drying processes, which also can endanger the economic efficiency of cultivation due to procedural costs of up to 50 percent. Prerequisite for the realization of the results of preliminary scientific work is the establishment of an Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, in order to ensure permanently the core expertise in this specific sector of plant production.
Also an increase in the number of medicinal and aromatic plants by target-oriented culturing of species originating from wild plant collections is a way to enhance the amount of cultivation. Starting point is the collection of most diverse biotypes from different regions containing secondary plant metabolites in exploitable concentration. Furthermore a promising option is to carry out targeted scientific and collecting expeditions to non-European areas. Ethnobotany often can provide information, whether a plant according to traditional knowledge at home or in other cultures already is considered to be a medicinal plant. It is necessary to evaluate the origin and wild varieties of known medicinal plants with a view to possible pharmaceutical use and suitability for cultivation. Known and so far unknown natural ingredients still represent an enormous potential for new and highly effective drugs. Nevertheless collecting activities in the wild habitats still will remain significant for a longer period of time because not all medicinal and aromatic plants can be economically cultivated or because knowledge for a successful cultivation process is still missing. Altogether a trend will be widely accepted on the one hand for controlled harvesting in the wild habitats and on the other for intensified cultivation achieved step by step by own experimentation and by close cooperation with scientific institutions.
The increased use of raw material from medicinal and aromatic plants outside the industries for pharmaceutical products and spices is another option to stabilize and enhance cultivation. For the use of raw material from medicinal and aromatic plants in the food sector, for house hold products, in cosmetics, for food supplements as well as for the use as natural coloring agents, as natural fungicides and insecticides, as natural preservatives and for the application in animal nutrition, numerous approaches resulting from traditional use as well as from recent studies can be identified. They give a starting point for basic scientific research and offer a wide range of theoretical, experimental and hypothetical approaches. Preconditions for the implementation of current trends are application-oriented joint research activities between small and medium-sized enterprises and scientific institutions for the end-to-end development of product lines. In this context, innovative solutions are required, which according to a general increase in environmental awareness respond to an increasing demand for environment-friendly products. The utilization of material from medicinal and aromatic plants as industrial raw material outside the industries for pharmaceutical products and spices in most cases will not be possible without public research funding and economic support. On behalf of a rapid realization of results also a number of projects should be supported by third-party funds. Preventive environmental protection as a stimulus for technological innovations requires a long-term ecological frame-work, because product and process development require long-term orientation. A more intensive use of synergy effects is necessary by a better coordination of limited capacities. Therefore a national and international cooperation provides a good source for future economic growth in this sector.
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Created: 2018Issued: 2018-02-22Updated: 2018-02-22
Faculty
Fachbereich Pharmazie
Publisher
Philipps-Universität Marburg
Language
ger
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DoctoralThesis
DFG-subjects
HeilpflanzenanbauHeilpflanzenGewürzpflanzenanbauGewürzpflanzen
DDC-Numbers
615
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Hoppe, Bernd: Tendenzen, Probleme und Chancen des Anbaus von Arznei- und Gewürzpflanzen in Deutschland. : Philipps-Universität Marburg 2018-02-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17192/z2018.0085.
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This item has been published with the following license: In Copyright