open_UMR

Aaron Beller

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Willkommen auf open_UMR!

Open_UMR ist ein digitales Repositorium: Ein fachübergreifendes Publikationsportal, das wissenschaftliche Textpublikationen, Ressourcen, Forschungsdaten und Software von Universitätsangehörigen der Philipps-Universität sammelt, verfügbar hält und im open access offen zugänglich macht. Im Sinne einer hohen Qualität sowie einer potentiellen Nachnutzbarkeit ist dieses Repositorium kuratiert.

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Open Access
Interactions among nutrition, metabolism and the immune system in the context of starvation and nutrition-stimulated obesity
(Springer Nature) Arneth, Borros
The endogenous intestinal microflora and environmental factors, such as diet, play central roles in immune homeostasis and reactivity. The microflora and diet both influence body weight and insulin resistance, notably through their effects on adipose cells. The aim of this study was to provide an update on how nutrient-derived factors (mostly focusing on fatty acids and glucose) impact the innate and acquired immune systems, including the immune system in the gut and its associated bacterial flora. The main source of fuel for energy-demanding immune cells is glucose. Insulin-responsive adipose tissue and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are part of the innate immune system and expressed in immune cells, intestinal cells, and adipocytes, are essential actors in the complex balance that ensures systemic immune and metabolic health. Leptin decreases during weight loss and increases brain activity in regions involved in the cognitive, emotional, and sensory control of food intake; restoring leptin levels maintains weight loss and reverses the alterations in brain activity. Obesity-triggering nutrients affect adipocytes, whereas proinflammatory leptin prompts the generation of cytokines and T cells. Collectively, data on nutrients demonstrate that starvation culminates in fat depletion, which then impacts the immune system. In people with obesity, inflammation originates largely from adipose tissue.
Open Access
Higher rate of undetected intraoperative damage of latex-free surgical gloves worn by scrub nurses
(Springer Nature) Euler-Schmidt, Leon; Barsumyan, Artur; Graw, Jan Adriaan; Soost, Christian; Stephan, Yvonne; Burchard, Rene
Surgical gloves are a medical product and a cornerstone of prevention from surgical site infections and staff injury. This study aimed to investigate the integrity of surgical gloves worn by scrub nurses during selected procedures in both general and trauma surgery. The frequency of defects such as perforations or tears was identified. Furthermore, differences in durability between latex and latex-free gloves were analyzed. In a 3-month period, a total of 139 surgical glove pairs, both latex and latex-free, used during general or trauma surgery in an academic teaching hospital were collected immediately after procedures. The gloves were subjected to watertightness testing following European norm ISO EN 455:2022 standards. Only gloves visually presumed to be intact were tested for any concealed perforations. The number of perforated glove pairs was similar in both departments (general surgery 25% (n = 14 of 57) vs. trauma surgery 28% (n = 23 of 82), p = 0.79). However, differences in perforation rates by glove models (latex vs. latex-free) were noticed. The likelihood of perforation was increased by a factor of 4.24 with the use of latex-free gloves (χ^2 = 8.48, p = 0.004). Perforation of surgical gloves worn by scrub nurses is a common event during various surgical procedures in general and trauma surgery. In several cases, members of the surgical team do not notice a perforation of a glove. The risk of undetected damage to a surgical glove is significantly higher when latex-free gloves are used. Further research is needed to investigate if the use of a second layer of gloves could reduce this perioperative risk for surgical staff and patients.
Open Access
Climate-related partial relocation in Fiji impacts the wellbeing of those who relocated and those who stayed differently
(Springer Nature) Link, Ann-Christine; Piggott-McKellar, Annah; Nakoro, Elia; Oakes, Robert
Climate change threatens habitability, leading communities to relocate out of sites of high exposure. Partial relocations, whereby only a portion of the community relocates, are understudied but increasingly common as relocating in one move is not always possible nor necessarily desired. Drawing on two climate-related partial relocations in Fiji—one community-driven, currently underway, and one government-assisted, undertaken ten years ago—we use Q Method to explore subjective wellbeing outcomes and identify shared narratives across the two communities. We find that partial relocation continues to strongly shape the wellbeing and lives of individuals, even ten years after relocating, and highlights different outcomes between those who relocated and those who did not. We argue that these shared narratives are strategic tools that can be drawn upon to understand nuanced experiences, shape people-centred policies, and, ultimately, inform relocation efforts that are more just, effective, and sustainable.
Open Access
Chick chorioallantoic membrane model as a preclinical platform for cryoablation studies
(Springer Nature) Scheschenja, Michael; Jedelska, Jarmila; Juchems, Eva; Weinmann, Marc; Pagenstecher, Axel; Helmprobst, Frederik; Buchholz, Malte; Tatura, Marina; Schaefer, Jens; Bakowsky, Udo; König, Alexander M.; Mahnken, Andreas H.
The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model has been utilized for radiofrequency ablation and electroporation, but not yet for cryoablation. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of the CAM model for preclinical cryoablation research. Two cryoablation protocols were established for the study: 120 s-freeze-120 s-thaw-120 s freeze (120 s protocol) and 180 s-freeze-120 s-thaw-180 s freeze (180 s protocol). The study was divided into two parts. First, to evaluate embryo survival, fertilized chicken eggs were incubated. On embryonic day (ED) 12, cryoablation on CAM was performed according to the two protocols. During cryoablation, the temperature of the CAM was recorded using a thermal camera. Embryo survival was monitored until ED 14. Second, to evaluate tumor cryoablation, human neuroendocrine tumor cells (BON-1) were xenografted onto the CAM of fertilized chicken eggs at ED 8. Cryoablation of the xenografted tumors was then performed on ED 12 according to the two protocols. Ablation outcomes were evaluated by stereomicroscopic and histological assessments after harvesting on ED 14. Embryo survival rates were 8/9 in both protocols. A decrease in the peripheral temperature of 4.5 (± 0.9) °C and 6.7 (± 1.0) °C was observed in the 120 s and 180 s protocols, respectively. Complete ablation of CAM-grown tumors was observed in 2/6 (120 s protocol) and 2/5 (180 s protocol) cases, few scattered tumor cells remaining in 2/6 (120 s protocol) and 2/5 (180 s protocol) cases. Residual interconnected tumor cells were visible in 2/6 (120 s protocol) and 1/5 (180 s protocol) cases. The CAM model is a feasible platform for preclinical cryoablation studies.
Open Access
Attention directs actions in visual foraging
(Springer Nature) Tünnermann, Jan; Schubö, Anna
Visual foraging tasks, where participants collect items by touching or clicking on them, have become popular for investigating visual search. They probe selective attention in multi-target contexts through naturalistic goal-directed actions, unlike the button presses used in many other paradigms. Despite their potential, such tasks had not been used to examine the interplay of attention and goal-directed actions until now, even though this topic has been extensively studied with other paradigms and has significant implications for understanding human visual behavior in the real world. In this study, we applied the visual foraging paradigm to address this gap. We found that attentional prioritization of one part in a two-part compound object is accompanied by a motor bias in the collecting action (stylus tap) toward the prioritized part. This bias combines with motor precision demands, such as aiming for stable contact points. Our findings show that action planning not only modulates the attentional landscape at large but also that attentional asymmetries (e.g., prioritizing one object part) feed back into the motor system, combining with motoric factors to refine goal-directed actions.