Abstract
The immune system must carefully balance fighting pathogens with
minimization of inflammation and avoidance of autoimmune responses. Over the past
ten years, researchers have extensively studied the mechanisms regulating this delicate
balance. Comprehending these mechanisms is essential for developing treatments for
inflammatory conditions. Aim: This review aims to synthesize knowledge of immunoregu-
latory processes published from 2014–2024 and to highlight discoveries that provide fresh
perspectives on this complex balance. Methods: The keywords “molecular mechanisms”,
“immune regulation”, “immune signaling pathways”, and “immune homeostasis” were
used to search PubMed for articles published between 2014 and 2024, with a preference
for articles published in the past three years. Results: Recent research has pinpointed the
impact of factors such as cytokine signaling, T-cell regulation, epigenetic regulation, and
immunometabolism on immune function. Discussion: New research highlights the intricate
interactions between the immune system and other molecular elements. A key area of
interest is the impact of non-coding RNAs and metabolic pathways on the regulation of
immune responses. Conclusions: Exploring the mechanisms by which the immune system
is regulated will provide new avenues for developing treatments to address autoimmune
and inflammatory conditions.
Metadata
Philipps-Universität Marburg
License
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