Skalendifferenzierte Auswirkungen großflächiger Beweidung auf die Artenvielfalt des Südschwarzwaldes
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Philipps-Universität Marburg
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Abstract
Due to the increasing rate of fallow land Central
Europe? s rural landscapes are in need of alternative land use
concept s, combining the aims of Conservation and agriculture.
According to the approach of ?semi-open pasture
landscapes? the implementation of large scaled
low-intensity-pasture-systems are actually discussed and
partially tested only in small areas. As target state the
traditional, collaborative land use systems of the Southern
Black Forest with it? s widely well preserved `Állmende?
pastures are often mentioned. It is necessary to check the
model character of the Southern Black Forest
`Allmende?-pasture-systems and their future roll as target
state of alternative land use and conservation strategies .
Therefore the `Állmende? (young cattle) pastures are compared
with other local land use forms of the grassland dominated
region. The `Állmende? (young cattle) pastures feature a more
diverse vegetation structure than meadows with different mowing
regimes and than dairy cattle pastures. Also their contribution
to regional biodiversity is much higher, analysed with
indicator groups as locusts (orthoptera) and butterflies
(lepidoptera). The high biodiversity of the `Állmende? pastures
is mainly caused by low stocking rates (cp. Stocking capacity
is constant ~0,5-0,6GVE/ha), area size and aspects of historic
land use. The latter effect is composed of different
`beside-utilisations?, which were services in the regulating
system of the `Allmende? like clearing, cutting or fertilising.
But these `beside-utilisations? have changed in the past two
centuries as much as the land use system itself, what could be
demonstrated for three boundaries in the Southern Black Forest
using GIS. Because of the region-typical history of development
a transfer to general guidelines is restricted. Anyhow
`Állmende? pastures are optimally qualified as target states of
nature conservation Still there is a lack of knowledge of the
functionality of large scaled pasture systems and their effects
on diversity and distribution of organisms. A second main focus
analyses the utilisation patterns of cattle and their
consequences for vegetation structure and distribution of
indicator species groups, refereeing to a functional chain:
pasture management ®pasturing®vegetation structure®species
distribution. Therefore `Állmende? pastures were analysed on
meso-scale. utilisation patterns of cattle was detected with
serial-photos from the opposite mountainside. Characteristic
cattle behaviour were found in certain areas why the pastures
could be divided in functional objects. Vegetation, spatial
neighbourhood effects and pasture management were reasons for
this heterogeneous utilisation patterns, what could be proofed
in geostatistic regression models (glm). The utilisation
patterns generate characteristic patterns of vegetation
structure, which is mainly affected by site as a second level
of regression models show. Third level of analysis are the
effect of pasturing on the distribution of locusts and
butterflies. Their occurrences are affected by vegetation
structure (e.g. high density of blossoms), site and spatial
neighbourhood effects, shown by the third level of regression
models. Special effects and functionality of `Állmende?
pastures were analysed on micro-scale. Therefore different
`Micro-structures? under varying land use influence were
studied. The Variety of `Micro-structures? are responsible for
high species diversity of `Állmende? pastures. Besides they are
keystone habitats in the life cycle of species e.g. the
reproduction and oviposition of locusts.
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Dates
Created: 2004Issued: 2004-03-24Updated: 2011-08-10
Faculty
Fachbereich Biologie
Publisher
Philipps-Universität Marburg
Language
ger
Data types
DoctoralThesis
Keywords
Black ForestArtenvielfalt , SüdschwarzwaldpastureHeuschrecken , LandnutzungRaumskalaBeweidungOrthopteraland useSpecies diversity , scale dependend
DFG-subjects
Südschwarzwald , RaumskalaHeuschreckenArtenvielfaltLandnutzungBeweidung
DDC-Numbers
570
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Kostrzewa, Stefan (128940034): Skalendifferenzierte Auswirkungen großflächiger Beweidung auf die Artenvielfalt des Südschwarzwaldes. : Philipps-Universität Marburg 2004-03-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17192/z2004.0100.
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This item has been published with the following license: In Copyright