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Abstract
This study uses methods from the ethnography of religion to portray the Hubyâr Alevi community in Turkey and to document its history, teachings, traditions, and ceremonies.
Encompassing various communities, The term Alevi refers the second largest religious group of Turkey apart from Sunni Muslims. The Hubyâr Alevis are one among these groups, called ocak in Turkish, which has a significant number of members. Translating ocak into English or German is not a trivial task, but its basic meaning is „hearth“, referring also to an extended family gathered around a hearth. Thus, the ocak of Hubyâr Alevis can be understood as the family of its founder, Hubyâr, as it is common among such communities.
Hubyâr was, as has been proven [in this study], a historical figure, living from ca. 1475 to 1582. The history of the group and its name goes further back, as this study also elaborates. Oral traditions among the community draw back its origins to the major Sufi saints Ahmed Yesevî (12th ct.) and Hacı Bektaş (13th ct.). As indicated by some sources, an earlier Hubyâr existed in the 13th century or even earlier. The name has manifold meanings, ranging from “True Friend” and “Intimate Friend” to “Friend of God”, which are all embedded in Sufi understandings of spirituality.
Mound Tekeli (Tekeli Dağı, 2643 m), which has been a home to the family of the later Hubyâr since at least 1455, bears his shrine. The place is today a village named after him, Hubyâr Köyü). His followers today mainly inhabit the provinces Tokat, Sivas, Amasya, and Yozgat, whereas some of them also live in the provinces Çorum, Erzurum, Kars, Manisa, and Samsun. The former form the historical Rumeli region, the “home of Romans”, which has been the center of Alevi movements since the 12th century, especially in the context of the Babaî rebellion. Some Hubyâr Alevis still live in their remote villages, where their ancestors had hidden during the time of Seljuk and Ottoman persecution. This way, they kept apart from the changes of modernity.
Nevertheless, Hubyâr Alevis are nowadays spread around the globe, with communities in all German speaking countries and Australia. New social norms and life conditions entered the Alevi environments with industrialization and the end of the Ottoman empire, giving way to the Turkish Republic in 1923. These events altered Alevi rituals and beliefs substantially, even threatening the survival of this branch of Shi’a Islam. Due to political circumstances, migration within and without Turkey, and the general changes of lifestyle, practicing the religion has become rare even within Alevi villages.
This first extensive monographic study about Hubyâr Alevism highlights the values, which still influence the social behavior of Alevis in diaspora. To this purpose, it examines themes such as social changes after migrating, the discourses and processes of identification between Anatolia and Europe, and pragmatic adaptations of beliefs and rituals to new situations.
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Dates
Created: 2019Issued: 2021-06-08Updated: 2021-06-08
Faculty
Fachbereich Gesellschaftswissenschaften und Philosophie
Publisher
Philipps-Universität Marburg
Language
ger
Data types
DoctoralThesis
Keywords
HubyârAlevitische Lehrecemevi (Alevi faith house),Semâh (Derwischtanz),Alevisalevitische LiturgieOcak (Alevi community)
DFG-subjects
CemAleviHubyârCemevi (alevitische Gebetshaus)Ocak (alevitische Gemeinschaft)
DDC-Numbers
200
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Temel, Hidir: Die Hubyâr-Aleviten. Eine Glaubensgemeinschaft in Anatolien. : Philipps-Universität Marburg 2021-06-08. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17192/z2021.0232.
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This item has been published with the following license: In Copyright