Studienlage zur Wirksamkeit von Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln und deren Hintergründe - Anwendung auf medizinischen Gebieten und daraus ableitbare Wegweiser für Patientinnen, Patienten, Behandelnde und Gesunde
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Abstract
The idea for the concepts of the dissertation emerged from observations in the daily life regarding the consumption behaviour of dietary supplements. In every supermarket and drugstore whole shelves contain supplements and these products are also prominently featured in advertising. From a scientific and medical perspective, the question arose about the study basis underlying assumptions about the effects of dietary supplements.
The need to analyse for which vitamins, minerals, as well as omega-3 fatty acids, studies that demonstrate a positive impact on specific medical areas can be found, was formulated. The pluralism of studies on PubMed highlighted the need for creating an overview, emphasizing the importance of the topic and the demand for research in the general population. Additionally, backgrounds and explanations of terms related to dietary supplements were provided, and the vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids thematised in this dissertation were discussed in individual chapters. The legal framework in Germany and the USA was comparatively presented. To illustrate the everyday relevance of the topic, the results of important studies and surveys on supplement use were cited. Orthomol was introduced as an example of a leading production company for dietary supplements. Furthermore, to conduct a field study at the Philipps-Universität of Marburg, a survey was designed using GoogleForms, specifically examining the consumption behaviour of dietary supplements among students in scientific faculties. The literature on the selected vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids published between 2010 and 2020 was systematically reviewed within the medical database PubMed and outlined in relation to relevant medical areas. Using an “Expertenurteil”, as in a tool to rate studies due to specifically chosen aspects, created for this work, the included studies were evaluated based on criteria and assigned scores. This tool allowed the placement of studies in the larger context, classifying them as having high, moderate, or low relevance. Using the modified GRADE approach, GRADE* was applied to evaluate patient-relevant endpoints in terms of the quality of evidence across studies. The methods employed in this work were compared with common review techniques of the Cochrane Group. In the results section, all study characteristics and analysis steps were presented in tabular form. The tables indicate that only for the intake of calcium and vitamin D, with positive effects on certain parameters of bone metabolism; magnesium, affecting laboratory parameters of diabetes mellitus; selenium, in cases of autoimmune thyroiditis and polycystic ovary syndrome; iron, improving the 6-minute walk test in cardiovascular health; vitamin C, enhancing overall mental well-being; and omega-3, in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and dysregulated lipid metabolism, a recommendation for intake could be made. For other endpoints, only a weak recommendation for supplement use could be pronounced. The results of the conducted survey further emphasized the importance of this dissertation and provided insight into the topics’ relevance for the general population. The consumption of supplements for nutritional supplementation is a highly relevant subject that requires further and more precise research. It was highlighted which hurdles might need to be overcome and how problematic the current legal situation is both in Germany and the USA.
The literature on the efficacy of dietary supplements, their backgrounds, and application in medical fields also leaves many questions unanswered, which future research should gradually address. Guidelines for patients, practitioners, and healthy individuals remain fundamentally individual decisions.
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Issued: 0025-09-18
Faculty
FB20:Medizin
Language
de
Keywords
NahrungsergänzungsmittelErnährung
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Herbertz, Johanna: Studienlage zur Wirksamkeit von Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln und deren Hintergründe - Anwendung auf medizinischen Gebieten und daraus ableitbare Wegweiser für Patientinnen, Patienten, Behandelnde und Gesunde. : 0025-09-18.
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This item has been published with the following license: In Copyright