The Neuroanatomical Correlates of Dyspnea: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis
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MDPI
Abstract
The sensation of dyspnea is related to various cardiopulmonary and neuromuscular
diseases and is characterized by its sensory and affective qualities. Although there is a vast
number of studies investigating its pathophysiology, less is known about the neuroanatomy
of dyspnea perception. An activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of 13 studies
investigating different breathing challenges using either PET or fMRI was performed to
demonstrate the neuroanatomical correlates of dyspnea perception. The ALE meta-analysis
was performed using the GingerAle software 3.0.2 and was displayed with the Mango
software 4.1. Synthesizing the results of all included studies, clusters involving the insula and
cingulated cortex in both hemispheres were observed. Subgroup analysis for the restrained
breathing condition revealed activation involving the right and left cingulate cortex and
left anterior cingulate cortex. For the loaded breathing condition, statistically significant
activation was found for the postcentral gyrus, the superior temporal gyrus, and the right
thalamus. The combined ALE map for both conditions showed activity patterns in the
right cingulate cortex, the right insula, and the right thalamus. This ALE meta-analysis
demonstrates that two separate neuronal pathways related to either the affective or intensity
domain are involved in the central processing of dyspnea perception.
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Except where otherwised noted, this item's license is described as Attribution 4.0 International