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Date
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Springer Nature
Abstract
Eye movements are the most frequent movements that humans make, and are often considered to be cheap because of low metabolic costs. Therefore, research has primarily focused on how eye movements are controlled by gains in reward or information. However, to choose the optimal time and target of the next eye movement, it is necessary to calculate its utility by weighting benefits with costs, including opportunity costs and costs for planning and execution. In this review, we integrate evidence showing that costs are not negligible and are considered for decisions about when and where to look. While many observable parameters of eye movements are influenced by costs, it is challenging to attribute these effects to specific types of costs because, unlike benefits, they cannot be observed and manipulated directly and have to be inferred. The contribution of different types of costs and their representation and implementation at the neuronal level therefore remains a challenge for future research.
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