Unveiling the Important Role of Gut Microbiota and Diet in Multiple Sclerosis
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MDPI
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous
system (CNS), characterized by neurodegeneration, axonal damage, demyelination, and
inflammation. Recently, gut dysbiosis has been linked to MS and other autoimmune conditions.
Namely, gut microbiota has a vital role in regulating immune function by influencing
immune cell development, cytokine production, and intestinal barrier integrity. While
balanced microbiota fosters immune tolerance, dysbiosis disrupts immune regulation, damages
intestinal permeability, and heightens the risk of autoimmune diseases. The critical
factor in shaping the gut microbiota and modulating immune response is diet. Research
shows that high-fat diets rich in saturated fats are associated with disease progression.
Conversely, diets rich in fruits, yogurt, and legumes may lower the risk of MS onset and
progression. Specific dietary interventions, such as the Mediterranean diet (MD) and ketogenic
diet, have shown potential to reduce inflammation, support neuroprotection, and
promote CNS repair. Probiotics, by restoring microbial balance, may also help mitigate
immune dysfunction noted in MS. Personalized dietary strategies targeting the gut microbiota
hold promise for managing MS by modulating immune responses and slowing
disease progression. Optimizing nutrient intake and adopting anti-inflammatory diets
could improve disease control and quality of life. Understanding gut-immune interactions
is essential for developing tailored nutritional therapies for MS patients.
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution 4.0 International